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This Automotive Technology Glossary is a collection of descriptions of recently introduced and potential automotive technologies. Each section includes a description of the technology, how it works and the customer benefit The "how it works" section is general, and implementation may vary on a specific vehicle. For many of the advanced technologies, significant issues remain to be resolved before implementation. Inhibitors which could delay or preclude implementation might include unproven reliability, vehicle packaging issues and cost vs. value as perceived by the customer.

Active Suspension System

What it is: Active suspension systems move each wheel up and down to control body motion in response to road abnormalities. The system responds to inputs from the road and the driver. With an active suspension, a vehicle can simultaneously provide the smooth ride of a soft suspension along with the superior handling associated with a firm suspension.

How it works: Most active suspension systems use a highpressure pump with hydraulic cylinders at each wheel to position the wheels with respect to the vehicle. Up and down motion of the wheels is actuated by electronically controlled valves. Other alternatives to power active suspension systems include electric motors or electromagnets. In any system, sensors at each wheel determine vertical wheel position and the force of the road acting on the wheel. Some systems use "road preview" sensors (radar or laser) to provide information about road abnormalities before the front wheels reach them. Accelerometers tell the computer when the vehicle is accelerating, braking or cornering. The computer uses complex algorithms to continuously process information and decide the position of each wheel. Coil springs can be used at each wheel to avoid "bottoming out" of the suspension in case of system failure; they also can reduce the power required to support the sprung weight of the vehicle.

Customer benefit: Outstanding ride and handling, even on rough roads.

Auto Glossary

With over 10,000 acronyms, abbreviations, definitions, and classic and contemporary terms and jargon from all areas of the automobile from basic do-it-yourself (DIY) car and engine repair to steering, suspension, brakes, transmissions and differentials, including air-conditioning, engine performance diagnosis, tune up, drive-ability, and emissions. Auto Glossary is the one place that has it all. A perfect resource for everyone from beginners and students to professional auto repair technicians, teachers, and instructors.

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cold manifold	An intake manifold that does not have a preheat passage.
Combination Manifold	An assembly which includes both the intake and exhaust manifolds in one casting
dual-plane manifold	An intake manifold with two air cavities to provide air/fuel mixture to the cylinders.
exhaust manifold	A component, generally of cast iron, with passages of unequal lengths that carry the exhaust gases from the exhaust ports tot the header of the exhaust system.
intake manifold	A metal component used to duct 1. The air/fuel mixture from the carburetor to the intake parts. 2. Air in an injected engine to the intake ports.
manifold	1. A device used to hold two or more gauges with fluid passages and flow provisions; used for testing ans servicing purposes. 2. A conduit-like device used to channel the air/fuel mixture into an engine. 3. A conduit-like device used to duct the exhaust gas out of an engine.
manifold absolute pressure (MAP)	The pressure in an intake manifold relative to atmospheric pressure.
manifold absolute-pressure sensor	A variable resistor used as a sensor to signal an engine-control computer relative to the vacuum conditions in the intake manifold.
manifold air temperature	The temperature of the intake stream in the intake manifold, as increased by a heat riser or an Early Fuel-Evaporation system, and/or converted to an engine-control computer input by a sensor.
manifold gauge set	1. A set of gauges used to service an air-conditioning system. 2. A set of gauges used to measure vacuum or pressure in an engine's intake or exhaust system.
manifold heat control	A flapper-type valve in the exhaust manifold that diverts heat to the intake manifold.
manifold pressure	A positive pressure in the intake manifold measured in pounds per square inch or bars.
manifold vacuum	The negative pressure in an engine's intake manifold produce by the engine's pumping action and measured in inches of mercury.
single-plane manifold	An intake manifold having a single plenum between the carburetor and intake ports.
suction manifold	The point where vapor enters a compressor.
tunnel ram manifold	An intake manifold having a large plenum and long runners to the intake ports, improving output at high rpm.
two-plane manifold	An intake manifold with two plenums.

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Active Suspension An extremely sophisticated, computer controlled suspension system that uses powered actuators instead of conventional springs and shock absorbers. The actuators position a car's wheels in the best possible manner to deal with road disturbances and handling loads.

Active Suspension System
What it is: Active suspension systems move each wheel up and down to control body motion in response to road abnormalities. The system responds to inputs from the road and the driver. With an active suspension, a vehicle can simultaneously provide the smooth ride of a soft suspension along with superior handling associated with a firm suspension. How it works: Most active suspension systems use a high-pressure pump with hydraulic cylinders at each wheel to position the wheels with respect to the vehicle. Up and down motion of the wheels is actuated by electronically controlled valves. Other alternatives to power active suspension systems include electric motors or electromagnets. In any system, sensors at each wheel determine vertical wheel position and the force of the road acting on the wheel. Some systems use "road preview" sensors (radar or laser) to provide information about road abnormalities before the front wheels reach them. Accelerometers tell the computer when the vehicle is accelerating, braking or cornering. The computer uses complex algorithms to continuously process information and decide the position of each wheel. Coil springs can be used at each wheel to avoid "bottoming out" of the suspension in case of system failure; they also can reduce the power required to support the sprung weight of the vehicle. Customer benefit: Outstanding ride and handling, even on rough roads.

Ackerman principle - The angle of the steering arms causes the inside wheel to turn more sharply than the outer wheel when making a turn. This produces toe-out on turns (TOOT).

A computerized hydraulic suspension system that uses hydraulic "actuators" instead of conventional springs and shock absorbers to support the vehicle’s weight. A "chassis computer" monitors ride height, wheel deflection, body roll and acceleration to control ride and body attitude. Bumps are sensed as they are encountered, causing the computer to vent pressure from the wheel actuator as the wheel floats over the bump. Once the bump has passed, the computer opens a vent that allows hydraulic pressure to extend the actuator back to its original length. The only production active suspension was used on the Infiniti Q45.

Active Suspension
An extremely sophisticated, computer controlled suspension system that uses powered actuators instead of conventional springs and shock absorbers. The actuators position a car's wheels in the best possible manner to deal with road disturbances and handling loads.

Suspension active
Suspension commandée par ordinateur dont les ressorts et amortisseurs sont remplacés par des dispositifs asservis. Ces dispositifs placent les roues idéalement en fonction des irrégularités de la chaussée et de la charge de la voiture.

Automotive body designers often used traditional coachbuilding terms to describe new designs. As automotive styling diverged from traditional coach styles, these terms were often applied imaginatively. Designers took creative liberties with terms which could be contradictory from make to make as did sales managers attempting to create an aura of, for example, sportiness. Terms such as "sedanca" and "deVille" have been applied so broadly to so many different body styles as to render them almost meaningless for exact descriptive purposes. Good luck....

BAROUCHE- a carriage term very rarely used for automobiles. The driver sat in an open front seat with two couples facing each other inside a closed cabin. There was a folding top over the rear seat.

To eliminate air intake noise in the engine, a loudspeaker installed in the intake system is used to generate a sound wave of the same amplitude but opposite phase. (It cancels out the unpleasant sound.)

AIR CLEANER: An assembly consisting of a housing, filter and any connecting ductwork. The filter element is made up of a porous paper, sometimes with a wire mesh screening, and is designed to prevent airborne particles from entering the engine through the carburetor or throttle body.

An organization established in 1989 to promote trade and investment in the Pacific Basin. APEC now comprises eighteen countries located in and around the Pacific Ocean: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Phillippines, Sinapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States.

an organization of states (including Brunei, Myanmar, Burma, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) founded in 1967 to present an united front that addresses the political, economic, and strategic dynamics of the region.

15,000 expressions for automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles, engines, and boats ?????

ASPECT RATIO
The "aspect ratio" of a tire is defined as the measurement of the height of the sidewall of a tire as a percentage of the width. For instance, in the size description P18575R14, 75 represents the height of the sidewall of that tire which is 75% of the width measurement of 185 millimeters.

ATF
ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) is a special fluid composed of mineral oil and special additives. When used in the transmission, it performs multi functions: as a power-transmission medium; hydraulic control fluid; heat transfer medium; bearing surface lubricant; and gear lubricant. To meet the above requirements, the fluid must pass 25 special tests. In all cases, manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed when servicing transmission fluid so proper grade and amount is installed. If neglected, transmission fluid, like engine oil breaks down resulting in viscosity breakdown and thus premature transmission failure.

bash plate A protective plate fitted under the engines of off-road machines to prevent damage caused by grounding.

bathtub Bodywork resembling an upside-down bathtub used on rear of some Triumph motorcycles. It was introduced in 1957 and dropped in the early 1960s

bell mouth Bell-shaped air intake fitted to some carburettors.

Chopper — Originally, a motorcycle that has had all non-essential parts removed (or "chopped") to make it lighter and faster. Today, this name generally applies to custom built motorcycles that may have a rigid frame (no rear suspension), an extended fork, and a stretched or elongated appearance.

Crown
The center area of a tire's tread.

Deflection
The difference between a tire's unloaded or free radius and the loaded radius.

Directional stability
The tendency for a tire to roll in its steered direction rather than follow road contours.

Footprint
The area of the tire's tread that is in actual contact with the ground. (See Contact Patch)

This site contains information from the House Agriculture Committee,
the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other sources.

Acid deposition / acid rain - Abnormally acidic (low pH) precipitation (or dry deposition) resulting from emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that transform during chemical processes in the atmosphere. Acid deposition can affect the chemistry of soils and acidify lakes, adversely affecting forests and fish. It does not adversely affect cropland. The Clean Air Act includes a program focused on controlling precursor emissions of acid deposition - primarily sulfur oxides from coal-fired electric utilities.

Arm — Also referred to as "dipper," it is the structure that connects the excavator's attachment to the boom.

Apron: a smooth (generally concrete) surface that is placed between culvert and channel to improve capacity and reduce erosion.

Dig/Digging Bucket - type of bucket that is usually fitted with teeth (GET) for better hard digging characteristics

Direct Pin Coupler - also known as a Pin-Grabber or Pin-on-On Coupler

Bucket: A device attached to backhoes, loaders and excavators used to pick up materials

English	Abbrevation	Deutsch	Suomi	Svenska	Francais	Nederlands	Vlaams	Spanish

accelerator	" "	Gaspedal	Kaasupoljin	gaspedal	accélérateur	gaspedaal	gaspedaal	acelerador

Air Portable General Purpose	APGP	spezieller Lt/Wt	ilmakuljetettava ajoneuvo	lufttransportabel fordon	" "	Light Weight (model LR geschikt voor luchttransport)	" "	Aerotransportable Uso General

Automotive Glossaries

Auto Glossary

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Modern Railway Terminology

Example :

Active Suspension

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